Opinion
Dangers of Acculturation In Our Contemporary Society: The Place of Counselling
Published
2 years agoon

By
Grace Ego Omoni
A little leaven leavens the whole body so say the scriptures and this is exactly what is happening to our nation Nigeria. Our rich culture has been totally bastardized by Western and Eastern Cultures, a phenomenon that has caused sorrow and shame to parents and the nation. Culture is no longer what it used to be because of the influence of another culture (acculturation).
While change is inevitable, the past especially the good one must also be respected and preserved. Hence, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation was created to identify cultural and national heritage and to conserve, preserve and protect it. Culture and acculturation are the concepts that will be the focus of this write-up up.
Culture: This refers to the cumulative deposits of knowledge, experiences, beliefs, values, attitudes, religion, material objects and notions of time, seasons and roles. Put in another way, culture is all about customs and social behaviour of a particular people or society.
According to the Wikipedia Dictionary, culture is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behaviours and norms found in human societies as well as shared patterns of behavior and interaction, cognitive, constructs and understanding that are learned by socialization. Simply put, culture encompasses our values, customs, language, dress, food, music, beliefs, how we sit, how we greet, how we behave before our loved ones, how we greet our visitors and a million of other things.
Acculturation: This is the assimilation to a different culture. It is the cultural modification of another culture by individual group or people by adapting to borrowing traits from another culture. It refers to the acquisition and adaptation to cultural values, attitudes and practices of a major culture. In other words as people socialise, they acquire behaviours, beliefs and attitudes that are similar to those of a majority cultural group.
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As we all know, as soon as a child is born in any human society, he or she begins to acquire the culture around him or her. Such include the beliefs, norms, customs, language, dress, religion, attitudes, knowledge, skills and values that enable them to be functioning members of the societies. Hence educationists, psychologists and counsellors are concerned about the kind of culture that the new generation is imbibing. This new culture from America, United Kingdom, China, India, North and South Korea is fast taking over our beautiful and rich African culture.
The coming of Christianity and education also brought with them Western culture which our people imbibed and have polluted our cherished tradition so much so that our children are now a shadow of our expectation. This is what we refer to as acculturation.
Acculturation is not bad in itself but the problem is that our children have totally adopted this Western culture over and above ours. One of the principles of guidance and counselling states that counselling is for the preservation of the cultural values of our society. It is however saddening to observe that our culture has been eroded. There are so many aspects of our culture but the discussion will look at dressing, attitudes, beliefs and values of the society.
Dressing: This is in relation to what we wear, what we should not wear, how we make our hair and how we adorn the body.
These were never part of our culture and should be frowned at in the society. Why do we wear clothes? The major reason for wearing clothes is to cover our nakedness.
What do we find today? We see all manner of dressings that are so awful, immoral and outrageous. Imagine our ladies exposing the vital parts of their bodies shamelessly. Boys sag and show off their dirty boxers especially conductors. I have had cause to challenge them even though some of them were rude. It is very indecent for boys to be going about with their trousers below their waists. It is an act of indiscipline which should be totally discouraged.
What we see in America is what is happening here in Nigeria. There, girls, young and old women on pants walk about. I saw this first in Honolulu, Hawaii. I just stood in awe until my professor friend dragged me away because she knew I was about challenging the old woman in pants, I mean pants not knickers.
When I was still doing part-time trading, I got to Lagos a bit late and on approaching Ojuelegba, what I saw gave me a shock. The girls were all over the road on pants and bomshorts soliciting for men. I was afraid and felt ashamed of womanhood. It was then I knew the meaning of the slogan, ” Ojuelegba girls.”
In the universities, we see crazy dressings! Boys and girls in tattered and torn jeans, transparent attire, very short skirts and gowns with sleeveless blouses that expose what make them to be called women. In the days gone by, women were taught to cover their bodies from the eyes of the public.
Again, today we see girls in men’s wears while the boys wear girls dresses. What an aberration! We can also talk of hair do. In those days when girls were girls, there was the plaiting of hair among the Urhobos, the Igbos, the Ijaws and weaving of hair among the Yorubas, Edos, Hausas and the Fulanis. The plaiting and weaving without artificial attachment qualified to be called the African Queens. Today, there are different colours of hair ranging from green, red, purple, lemon, yellow, blue, ash, brown and others; long hair from the head to the toes.
I am sure God will be very angry with our ladies trying to reorder what He has created. Just as they use attachment, so also they paint the natural hair with different colours making them to look like Jezebel in the bible. Added to this abysmal way of hair do, this new generation adorn their hair, nose, mouth and body with all kinds of accessories. Earrings and bangles that are supposed to be worn ladies on the ears are now worn on the nose and lips by boys who equally plait their hair and even use attachment. Apart from the boys weaving their hair using attachment, some of them either blow it or leave it as dreadlocks.
There is also the new trend of tattooing. Many of our youths have turned their faces and bodies to the map of the world. They design their faces and bodies with all types of patterns that you can’t even recognise them. Please permit me to ask: Of what use is this tatoo to them, recreating what God has created? This is not our culture at all. In the early days, tatoo was not permanent but used during special occasions like marriages, circumcion and during the birth of a new born using camwood.
Tattooing among celebrities is even an eyesore. Many of them have so designed their faces, hands and the whole body that you cannot easily know the natural colour God has endowed them with. They actually look like a masquerade called “ochu” that usually appears during “ukwata” festivals in my village. The sight of them is quite pitiable and I am sure some of them would have regretted ever engaging in such cultural assimilation.
Associated with dressing is the issue of make-up. What is in vogue now is the use of long nails like those of owls with different colours, long eye lashes, and different colours of powder on the cheeks and eye brow. The girls, women and brides are guilty of this. When culture was culture, ladies applied light make up on the face. Any woman seen with heavy make-up was regarded as a person of easy character. There is a popular saying that people should dress the way they want to be addressed.
Another area of our culture that is of concern is the issue of our value system such as greetings, respect for elders, the way we comport ourselves and preservation of our morals. At very young age, children are taught how to greet their parents and older adults in the homestead.
In Yoruba land, boys prostrate while the girls kneel down to greet. In Urhobo land both boys and girl kneel down to greet. Greeting parents has its own advantage especially in Yoruba culture. As soon as the child sees the father or mother in the morning, he or greets by prostrating or knelling and the parent will turn start singing the praises of the child by attaching him or her to the family’s cognomen. With that, the child grows up to understand the kind of family he or she is born into and strives to maintain the status quo.
Today, it is no longer so. Children and the younger ones throw greetings at parents and elders without respect. Many children do not know how to greet using the practice of where they originated from. Instead, you hear them greet in the English Language ( good morning Ma or good evening Sir instead of “migwo” or “ekaaro” ). It happens in homes. This is as a result of acculturation.
Language especially the mother tongue is another aspect of our that should be taught to our growing children. Today we see children in homes who can communicate very well in English but cannot say a word in their mother tongue because their parents use English as the first Language. I was guilty of this while my kids were growing up until my father in law visited.
He observed that the children could not interact with him so he scolded my husband and myself. I am glad my children are now very versed in their mother tongue. Sincerely I commend the Igbos and the Yorubas in diaspora for this. many of them teach their children the mother tongue.
Again, women are taught to kneel down to serve their husbands food but today that culture has gone into oblivion. The food is either served by the children or the house help. This ought not to be so. Not only that, wives were expected to kneel down to greet the husband’s relatives that she met when she was married into the home. I know too that in Yoruba tradition, the wife does not have the right to call the husband’s relatives’ names that she met in the family.
Instead, she is permitted to coin her own pet names to identify them. I still remember a friend of mine who used to call her husband’s younger brother, “Energy” and sister in-law” Iya- oko mi” as sign of respect for them Today it is not so. Wives even call their husbands by their names or use the term “baby”! Who is the baby, the husband or the child born into the family? In the old traditional system respect was paramount and non- negotiable.
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However, today people hardly show respect. In those days, teachers for example were well respected by their pupils and students. I vividly remember that while entering the school compound in the morning, students would run to you, greet and help in carrying your bag to your office but they hardly do that today. This is as a result of modernism where they talk of the right of the child. Children even challenge their parents and elders which was seen as being disrespectful in those days.
Lastly is the issue of immorality. This is so rampant as a result of the different types of media that have flooded the society. Children are exposed to all sorts of immoral acts on the television, phones and obscene books and literature. Parents can no longer control what their children should or should not watch and read.
The entertainment industries have worsened the situations with all manner of films on the different channels. Obscene books are sold everywhere without any control. These were not in our society before because morality was highly cherished. Today virginity is no longer valued by girls in the society. What they do not know is that men still look for decent girls to marry. During my days in the university, we had a lecturer who was fond of sampling girls but at the time he was ready to marry, he got a girl who was very decent.
One other area is the way people sit especially our girls. Girls today sit any how with the legs wide open. This is very shameful and disgraceful. They feel that wearing “tight”is a criterion for sitting anyhow anywhere. This is so absurd.
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Counselling Implication
Acculturation has not helped in bringing out the best behaviour in our children. The time has come for us to go back to the roots.
- Parents should endeavour to teach our children to maintain our culture.
- Dressing, courtesy demands that both boys and girls should dress decently and appropriately. Girls should wear dresses that cover areas of their body that make them women. Exposing the body is never part of our culture.
- Secondly, the use of make-up should be done with moderation. The use of all manner of attachments should be discouraged.
- Parents and teachers should teach our children respect for constituted authority. They should be taught to respect elders starting from parents, siblings and adults.
- Greetings in our tradition and knowing how to talk to elders should be inculcated into the minds of our children.
- They should also be taught the value of keeping themselves from immorality.
- Virginity is still in vogue. Watching of television, reading of obscene books and accessing/ sourcing and browsing of the phone should be monitored.
- Parents should monitor what their children watch on the television and the government should enact laws on what should be shown.
- Parents should compulsorily teach their children their mother tongue and the values of their people.
- The entertainment industry must also be given direction on what should be in the market.
- Obscene films and books should be banned.
- Foreign ways of living that are not proper should be discouraged.
- Lastly, our children should be taught how to sit, stand and walk gracefully like ladies.
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By Toyin Falola
Western deception has been with Africa forever:
1493: Pope Alexander VI issued a papal bull, “Inter Caetera,” proclaiming the right of Spain and Portugal to enslave Africans and own the land. They were subjects. They stole your people and your land.
1885: Africa was a Dark Continent. It required colonization to become civilized. Europe would bring change and civilize them. They stole your raw materials and truncated your self-development.
1940: When over a million Africans fought in Europe, North Africa and the Far East during the Second World War, the West convinced them they were dying for freedom and democracy. But where in Africa do they receive freedom and democracy? Indeed, Apartheid was inaugurated in 1948 in South Africa.
When will this deception come to an end? So, Gabon and Niger were democracies before the 2023 coups? You must be using the wrong dictionary to define democracy. Cameroon under the invalid Paul Biya is a democracy? You must be confusing the Mali Empire with the modern country of Cameroon. And the presidents who rule for as long as they want practising democracy?
You need a little education.
Recent developments in Africa’s political space, particularly the growing number of military takeovers, have informed fresh queries around the expressions of neo-colonialism in Africa and the commitment to liberal democracy as the ideal political model for the region. The point of reference for these queries is the ceremonial reactions from the acclaimed “champions of democracy” in the West, who waste no time issuing condemnations at every instance of “democratic failure” on the continent without any actual commitment to ensuring that power indeed lies with the people. Not only have these champions of African interests—the United States (US), Britain and France—touted democracy as the best system of political organization to achieve political stability and economic prosperity in Africa, but they have also prosecuted wars, allegedly in its defence, which cost millions of lives and destabilized entire regions. However, it is not enough to accuse our benevolent friends in the West of hypocrisy without providing compelling proof of double-dealing in delivering their duties as democratic crusaders. After all, in a democratic setting, all are innocent until proven guilty.
As a philosophy of government, democracy has existed since the Greco-Roman times. However, its foray into Africa can be traced to the eve of independence when Britain and France introduced forms of local representation as concessions to indigenous demands for independence. Thus, from 1959, parliamentary elections and other democratic institutions started to become commonplace on the continent. But, as it would turn out, this democratic experiment, which formed part of the third (global) wave of democracy, was to be short-lived—derailed as it was by fluctuating Western interests on the continent.
Guiding Western interest in Africa from the 1950s was the ideological war between the West (mainly the USA) and the Soviet Union. The “Cold War,” as it came to be known, was the first incident to unmask the real intentions of the West for post-colonial Africa. In their quest to emerge as the world’s sole superpower, the US and the Soviet Union, who actively strove to undermine each other’s influence by, among other things, advancing their political ideologies around the world, turned to Africa as another important frontier of conquest. While the Soviet Union armed African revolutionary movements against their Western colonial overlords and provided support to openly communist governments, Washington concluded that, to effectively check the spread of Soviet influence on the continent, it was more expedient to enthrone biddable leaders in African states than it was to woo them with any ideological arguments or economic incentives.
Anxious to ensure power was handed over to reliable politicians, Britain and France became eager participants in the US policy in Africa. Together, the US and its allies targeted venal local strongmen, preferably with military backgrounds and authoritarian tendencies, who, in collaboration with its intelligence agencies, ousted legitimate/democratic governments. Notable victims and beneficiaries of this plot included (in the former category) Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, Patrice Lumumba of Congo DRC, Sylvio Olympio of Togo and (in the latter category) Idi Amin of Uganda, Mobutu Sese Seko of Congo DRC and Gnassingbé Eyadema of Togo, to mention a few. Consequently, thirty-three African countries that achieved independence between 1956-1970 became authoritarian immediately or not long after.
Another demonstration of the complete disregard that the West has for democracy, peace/stability and human rights in Africa is its willingness to engulf the entire region in conflict so that it can achieve its “strategic interests.” Once again, we begin from the Cold War era where, having recently come out of a highly destructive war in Europe (in 1945) and being cautious of engaging in another, the West and the Eastern Bloc turned Africa into the site of their proxy wars. In southern Africa, where the US considered both Angola and Mozambique as areas of “strategic interests,” Washington armed the 200,000 Portuguese conscripts, who went on to fight a protracted war against local nationalist revolutionaries, with imported weapons, which included defoliants and napalm. In Angola, the US, in cooperation with Apartheid South Africa, backed the National Union for Total Independence (UNITA) against the country’s (Soviet-backed) leading national liberation front, the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). There were also similar cases in northern Africa where Sudan was funded and armed by the US against Egypt and Ethiopia, who had also pitched their tents with Moscow. These conflicts and the resultant proliferation of arms saw the loss of millions of African lives from war and famine and a general destabilization of the region.
While the West cannot be said to have been directly involved in all the occasions of transition from democratic to authoritarian rule, in more than a few instances, the leaders of newly independent democratic/multi-party African states seized the opportunity of Western patronage to quickly switch to one-party/despotic rule. In other cases, it was the corruption, resource mismanagement, “tribalism,” patrimonialism, clientelism and imperialism perpetrated by a Western-backed ruling political class which formed the basis of military takeovers (coups). Nevertheless, in this atmosphere of quasi-democratic rule, full-fledged despotism, military rule and Apartheid—where national resources were siphoned by kleptocratic regimes and millions of Africans either became refugees or died as a result of civil wars, hunger, and human rights abuses—our western “friends” were content to look the other way if the government in place proved itself an ally of Washington.
Perhaps the most glaring example of the West’s democratic hypocrisy in Africa was its age-long support for the highly racist and politically repressive Apartheid regime in South Africa. Like the French, who were able to cajole Washington into believing that they were fighting communist-backed insurgents in Algeria, the South African Apartheid regime, for forty years, posed as the last bastion against communists in Africa—an attitude that was able to secure a steady flow of western arms. This, alongside the West’s tacit approval, allowed for one of Africa’s most despicable shows of human debasement, carried out in the name of imperialism and racial superiority. After all, as President Ronald Regan remarked in 1981, South Africa was “essential to the free world in its production of minerals we all must have.”
The end of the Cold War changed Western attitudes towards Africa. Without the Soviet threat, the West leaned more towards development diplomacy and foreign aid regimes as the main thrust of its foreign policy in Africa. Foreign aid to Africa, however, turned out to be a Trojan horse. Already saddled with the task of building vibrant economies whilst also harmonizing the aspirations of the different ethnic nationalities which characterized them, African countries, especially in Francophone Africa, also had to grapple with the undermining economic and political agreements they had been coerced into signing with their erstwhile colonial overlord as a condition for independence and continued patronage. To make matters worse, some African countries were, at the end of the Cold War, either fighting or had just come out of civil war. This, combined with the widespread corruption and mismanagement of national resources which characterized Africa’s tyrannical governments, put many Af5rican countries at the mercy of international monetary agencies (the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank) and their financiers whose aid they were now heavily dependent on.
At first, these Bretton Woods institutions were content to grant loans/aid, at debilitating interest rates no less, to authoritarian leaders who used them to perpetuate themselves in power and, in return, provided the former with mineral and other economic concessions. However, without the Cold War pressures, more emphasis was placed on the liberalization and capitalist/free-market aspects of US foreign policy to guarantee return on investments. Soon enough, Structural Adjustments Programmes (SAPs) were introduced as a precondition for further loans/aid. Said adjustments, which demanded limited government intervention in the public sector, i.e., removing government subsidies in energy (fuel/gas), education and health care, brought untold hardships to already suffering populations. And as research has shown, poverty and non-tax revenue make for the ideal democratic environment. In other words, “when the government is not beholden to citizens for its funding, there is less accountability and less reason to democratize” (Tilly 1990). Instead, leaders simply use the “free” funding from natural resources (oil) and foreign loans/aid to buy enough support to remain in power.
Judging from the various expressions of Western interests in Africa over decades, it goes without saying that the West simply pays lip service to ideologies when convenient. Although many Africans might not object to the cynical pragmatism that has always guided Western foreign policy in Africa, I dare say they will not stand for the continued lies and hypocrisy that have characterized Western reactions to African developments. Even if the above-described instances of Western hypocrisy in Africa were to be argued to be in the past, it is a living past for Africa.
Africa, today, still has authoritarian governments in place whose political repression and human rights abuses go on unchecked by our democracy and rule of law-loving friends in the West. After being siphoned by kleptocratic governments, our commonwealth still finds its way to Western banks, where it sits and improves the local economy. Western interests continue to impoverish Africans and destabilize their regions. So, Africans are today saying to the West, its diplomats, presidents, and the other agents of its propaganda: “Your gambit in Africa is up. Our people are awakened!”
The West has sold you a fake product called democracy. Africans, your vote is not a sign of democracy. It is no more than a deception. There is no democracy without accountability. You are just voting thieves to power. There is no democracy without transparency. You are just using your votes in support of crooks and thugs. There is no democracy without good governance. Your vote is facilitating theft. Maybe you are waiting for your turn to steal. There is no democracy without development. Your vote is moving you back to the Stone Age. Even early humans knew when to replace stones with iron during the Stone Age. Africa, you don’t have a democracy. Anyone you have not appointed cannot disappoint you! Citizens are being deceived, and they are deceiving themselves. Organize yourselves at various levels and think of alternatives to democracy or, at the minimum, how accountability and transparency will form the core of your democratic practices. Your lifetime president is not a Democrat. He is an authoritarian kleptocrat far worse than the combination of Doris Payne, Stephane Breitwieser, Simon Leviev, Veerappan, Derek Smalls, Vincenzo Peruggia, Bonnie and Clyde, Natwarlal, Carl Gugasian, Frank Abagnale, Anna Sorokin, Albert Spaggiari, Jesse James, Anthony Strangis, and Bill Mason. Do you know these names?
Opinion
Informaction: Theory Of Change And Witch Persecution In Africa
Published
2 days agoon
September 19, 2023
By Leo Igwe
A theory of change explains how activities, measures, and steps undertaken to address a problem could facilitate or help realize certain changes or outcomes. It articulates how an impact would be achieved and some progress made. In this case, the expected outcome is an end to witch-hunting in Africa. Unlike in Western countries, the persecution of supposed witches persists in the region. Witch bloodletting takes place in many parts of Africa. The persecution of people accused of witchcraft leads to horrific abuses and death. Alleged witches are attacked, tortured, lynched, imprisoned, or banished. They are subjected to jungle justice, trial by ordeal, forced disappearance, and internal displacement. Simply put, those who are accused of perpetrating occult harm are treated without mercy or compassion. Incidentally, the impression is that nothing could be done to combat or neutralize this dark and destructive phenomenon, that witch hunting is cultural to Africans. The impression is that seeking to eradicate witch-hunting in African societies is a futile effort. This notion is gravely mistaken and needs to be corrected. The Advocacy for Alleged Witches was launched in 2020 to correct these misconceptions and facilitate effective actions. It works to fill the missing link in the activism against witch persecution in the region. The AfAW is a protest initiative, and exists to challenge and dispel allegations of witchcraft.
The main goal is to end witch-hunting in Africa by 2030. This objective sounds like an ambitious goal or some pipe dream, but it can be achieved. And AfAW aims to end witch hunting based on an informactional theory of change. This theory rests on two pillars: information and action because witch hunting persists in the region due to lack of information, or misinformation, and due to lack of action, inaction, or infraction. The Advocacy for Alleged Witches uses this two-pronged approach to combat witch-hunting in Africa.
At the global level, there is a lack of information about witch-hunting in Africa. Although a lot has been written and published on witchcraft in African societies, many people in Europe and America claim do not know about raging witch hunts in the region. Part of the problem is that these publications are filled with misinformation and misinterpretation of witchcraft accusations and witch persecution in the region. Scholars have presented witchcraft accusations as benign and useful to African societies. Meanwhile these accusations are not in any way gentle or pleasant. Studies have portrayed witchcraft allegations as stabilizing and harmonizing mechanisms. They have overlooked the critical and skeptical perspective of witchcraft beliefs. Scholars have largely ignored the accused side of the story, the harmful and destructive consequences of witchcraft imputations. At the Advocacy for Alleged Witches, we work to correct the misrepresentation of witchcraft accusations in Africa. We campaign to draw attention to this imbalance in the perception of the phenomenon. But correct information is not enough. Balanced interpretation does not suffice. To combat witch persecution, information needs to be turned into action, into effective policies and interventions.
On the action side, the Advocacy for Alleged Witches takes measures to address the problem because lack of adequate information has occasioned inaction or infractions. Wrong information has resulted in apathy and indifference towards witch hunting in Africa. Many international agencies are reluctant to act; they have refused to take action or to treat the issue with the urgency it deserves. With adequate and balanced information, international organizations would take appropriate actions.
At the local level, the Advocacy for Alleged Witches works to fill the information and action gaps. Many people accuse and engage in witch hunts due to a lack of information or misinformation. Accusers act based on a lack of information about the cause of illnesses, deaths, and other misfortune. Many people persecute witches because they have incorrect information about who or what is responsible for their problems, because they are not informed about what to do and where to go, who or what to blame for their misfortunes. Many people do not know what constitutes sufficient reason and causal explanations for their problems. As part of the efforts to end witch-hunting, the AfAW highlights misinformation and disinformation about causes of misfortune, illness, death, accidents, poverty, and infertility, including the misinformation that charlatans and con artists, god men and women such as traditional priests, pastors, mallam and marabouts use to exploit poor ignorant folks. The AfAW provides evidence-based knowledge, explanation, and interpretation of misfortunes. It informs the public about the law and other existing mechanisms to address allegations of witchcraft. The AfAW sensitizes the public and public institutions, including schools, colleges, and universities. It sponsors media programs, issues press releases, makes social media posts, and publishes articles and blogs on witch-hunting in the region.

By Toyin Falola
I am glad to accept the invitation of the Ibadan Descendant Union, the Dallas Branch, celebrating its 25th anniversary on September 23rd, 2023. As the Keynote Speaker, my topic was not imposed on me. In the spirit of the occasion and speaking to city fellows, I know I must be in haste before the amala becomes cold. Approaching 71, my words keep coming, far more than at 41. As the words continue to pour, let me employ them to praise the greatness of Ibadan, which I once eulogized in a piece, “Ibadan: My City of Fame”.
https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/497113-ibadan-my-city-of-fame-by-toyin-falola.html?tztc=1
A story of political cunning, martial strength, and intellectual passion unfolds in Ibadan’s rich and fertile fields, like the brilliant hues of a tapestry stitched with strands of heritage, bravery, and ingenuity. As we travel through the history of Ibadan, a city that stands as a beacon of human resilience and ingenuity, we discover stories of remarkable individuals who have risen to great heights through courage and community solidarity, shaping a society that not only honoured its past but eagerly looks forward to a bright future.
We begin this voyage by traversing Ibadan’s dynamic political and chieftaincy terrain, where the pursuit for honour paints the backdrop of a society steeped in martial culture. This is a city that pulsates with the heartbeat of its people, continuously growing and remaking itself via a kaleidoscope of power dynamics and civic turmoil. Individuals ascending to chieftaincy titles in this dynamic metropolis are more than just leaders; they manifest a tradition steeped in heroism, endurance, and community cooperation. When we delve further, we discover that the quest for honour is more than just a race for prestige. It is a vibrant celebration of the rich and diverse traditions that constitute the foundation of Ibadan’s distinct identity. Civil disturbances are considered possibilities for societal reform in this setting, fostering governance that shapes a robust and adaptive civic identity. As we search through Ibadan’s historical documents, we discover a city that stands as a tribute to its citizens’ tenacious energy and inventiveness, constantly weaving its past and values into the intricate fabric of its distinct character.
The vivid tapestry of Ibadan’s tale continues into the arena of military power, where victory echoes reverberate through time, influencing the communal rituals and martial practices that have defined the city’s vast past. The revered streets of Ibadan echo the attitude of solidarity and fearlessness that characterized ancient warriors. A closer examination reveals leaders who inspired and galvanized armies with weapons and words that moved the soul, cultivating a cultural milieu in which military achievement symbolized civic pride and camaraderie. Leaders like Balogun Ogboriefon evolved to personify the deeply ingrained belief system centred on togetherness and fearlessness. These charismatic figures led their societies through transforming experiences that defined civic values and fostered a collective sense of cohesion and direction. As a result, civil unrest in Ibadan should be viewed as a potent catalyst for political development and advancement, forming a dynamic and resilient civic identity that matches the lively traits of urban cultures seen in ancient city-states.
As the story progresses, it becomes clear that military conflicts that once echoed through the city’s streets have now become an integral component of a fascinating narrative that acts as both an educational tool and a source of inspiration for its residents. The merging of past and present delivers a colourful portrayal of historical information through this lens, feeding civic culture with a potent blend of inspiration and advice. Continuing from the complex tapestry that underpins Ibadan’s historical landscape, we now focus on the intellectual areas that distinguish this magnificent city. The hum of intellectual debate, the vigorous interchange of ideas that has been a trademark of this urban sanctuary for generations, can be heard throughout Ibadan’s bustling streets and peaceful corners. The scholarly pursuit, profoundly embedded in the city’s mentality, acts as a beacon, attracting minds from all backgrounds and promoting a culture of intellectual energy and innovation.
The intellectual enthusiasm is not limited to the sacred halls of learning; it permeates every aspect of Ibadan culture. Streets are transformed into open forums, where wisdom and insight are traded with the same zeal as goods in a bustling market. Every person, it appears, contributes to a swirling vortex of information and creativity, from the little child reciting folklore learnt at a grandparent’s knee to the seasoned academic scribbling theories in scholarly publications. This ongoing engagement with learning with intellectual inquiry imbues the city with an enlightening atmosphere that permeates every nook and cranny. This intellectual curiosity, however, is not a new feature; rather, it is deeply established in Ibadan’s history. The city has long been a study centre, where traditions and customs have been recorded, preserved, and studied. A location where the quest for knowledge, for unravelling the complexities of human existence, has been a constant force driving people to seek wisdom in the teachings of the past and the discoveries of the present.
And, as if responding to the ancients’ pleas, Ibadan’s modern academic institutions stand as mighty strongholds of knowledge, where the quest for understanding crosses borders and cultural barriers. The University of Ibadan, a towering educational institution, is a light of scholarship, attracting minds worldwide. A new generation takes up the mantle of scholarly endeavour here, amid the halls resonating with the echoes of intellectual giants, ready to carve out their place in the unending narrative of human discovery and understanding. This old institution’s convoluted passageways are a combination of tradition and modernity. A synthesis of many fields of study, where rich lore from the past meets innovative findings from the present, generating an environment that fosters critical thinking and innovation. The intellectual traditions that have characterised the city’s history are given new life by introducing new views and cutting-edge research approaches. This harmonic fusion of old and modern, tradition and innovation, creates a fertile foundation for ideas to take root and develop, contributing to a lively intellectual ecosystem constantly reshaping Ibadan’s societal landscape. The spread of knowledge extends beyond academic circles and into the streets, producing a culture that values intellectual involvement and scholarly discourse.
In the green gardens and lively courtyards of Ibadan’s educational institutions, ideas that have the potential to revolutionize society, question the existing status quo and drive growth are born. Here, in the heart of Ibadan, a new generation emerges, armed with the instruments of knowledge and the spirit of inquiry, ready to face the difficulties of the modern world to contribute to a story that transcends millennia, a story that is constantly being written with each passing instant. There blossoms a dazzling tale of expansion and renaissance within the heartbeat of booming urbanity, an anthology that knits past and present into a vivid tapestry of innovation and cultural engagement. The bustling city of Ibadan awakens to embrace a future stitched with golden threads of aspiration and drive as the sun rises, filling the sky with the hues of a new day.
As we continue our examination of this extraordinary city, we cannot ignore the significance of cultural collaboration in forming its modern landscape. Ibadan’s rhythmic pulse is an outstanding symphony, synthesizing diverse cultures and traditions that have found a home within its warm embrace. These intertwined storylines have generated a rich and diverse cultural tapestry and a dynamic and resilient community united in its pursuit of growth and innovation.
A live testament to the city’s global nature can be found in the bustling markets, where an orchestra of dialects fills the air. Trade and commerce transcend transactional boundaries here, morphing into a dynamic cultural exchange dance. An ever-changing ballet in which things, tales, and traditions weave a rich narrative that vibrates with the harmonious melodies of cooperation and mutual respect. As one travels through the city’s busy streets, it is clear that the feeling of community flourishes here. The streets, bustling with the energy of a people unified in purpose and vision, represent Ibadan’s unwavering spirit. This is a city where neighbourliness and a profound feeling of belonging form relationships that transcend generational boundaries, where the wisdom of the elders feeds the seeds of the future, nurturing a society ready to play a crucial role in the world arena.
Again, the story does not finish here; rather, the narrative is ever-changing, sculpted by the hands that construct, nurture, and invent. The pulse of progress is tangible, sparking a rebirth that sees the city reach previously unimaginable heights. Ibadan is on the verge of a new era, ready to seize chances that promise progress and wealth. The city’s edifices, testaments to human ingenuity and resilience, rise to the sky, representing the lofty goals of a people eager to carve their place in history. The developments we see now are a testament to the numerous hands who have worked tirelessly to mould Ibadan’s trajectory, a path distinguished by tenacity, ingenuity, and a relentless quest for greatness. This booming innovation cluster is where the past meets the future, where tradition and modernity dance in unison, giving rise to a beacon of hope and progress on the African continent. The brilliance of human collaboration illuminates Ibadan’s path, a tribute to the potential within a society united in purpose and vision.
As the sun sets and the sky turns gold and scarlet, Ibadan retreats into a tranquil embrace, a sanctuary where dreams are nurtured and visions are born. Ibadan whispers tales of a great past and alludes to a future filled with limitless potential under the twinkling canopy of stars. A future in which the city takes its rightful place in the international arena, a beacon of growth and creativity, a tribute to the perseverance of human endeavour.
As we stand on the verge of a new day, the lively city of Ibadan asks us to join it on its journey, distinguished by growth, expansion, and a firm confidence in the limitless potential of human ingenuity and cultural engagement. A voyage that invites us to see the unfolding story of a city that epitomizes the throbbing rhythm of progress, a story that promises to resound with the harmonic melodies of growth and prosperity for future generations. As the story progresses, Ibadan becomes a living witness to the powerful ability of human ingenuity and cultural exchange, a vibrant tableau of a city on the move, eager to embrace a future full of promise and opportunity. As this piece on our exploration of this vibrant urban tapestry concludes, we are left with a vision of a city reborn, a city ready to forge its path into a future that gleams with the promise of progress, prosperity, and limitless possibilities, ever-ready to assume its rightful place on the global stage. Finally, with its rich history, intellectual prowess, and dynamic cultural mosaic, Ibadan invites us all to be a part of its ongoing tale, a story that promises to captivate, inspire, and serve as a beacon of hope and progress in our ever-changing world.
Let us all witness Ibadan’s developing story, a city poised to stun the globe with its brightness, resilience, and unshakable spirit of innovation and progress. IDU, congratulations!
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