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BOOK REVIEW: Abdul-Rasheed Na’Allah’s Seriya And The Aesthetics Of Socialist Realism

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BOOK REVIEW: The Aesthetics Of Performance And Orality In Na’Allah’s Dadakuada
Professor Abdul Rasheed Na’Allah

By

Toyin Falola

Since its inception, the works of literature that have emanated from the African scenery have been known to be art for life’s sake (utilitarian function), antithetical to some other literatures from the West. Generally, African artists, sculptors, painters, and even orators venture and aspire to project the realities of their immediate environment in their respective works. It is pertinent to state that African dramatists and theatre operators have used the drama genre as an authentic way to reflect and refract the realities of their societies. These playwrights consciously tailor their drama to respond to happenings in their locale through satire, farce, melodrama, musical play, and the likes. Also, their choice of dramatic elements like characters, settings, and structure play a big part in how the audience react to such plays.

As stated in my first piece on the valuable contribution of Na’Allah’s literary works to African and Nigerian literature, I will examine how he is a committed modern African playwright who has adopted various aesthetics of the Nigerian religion, culture, and politics in his latest drama to reflect and refract the Nigerian society. Hence, Na’Allah’s Seriya has the features of socialist realism where the writer uses his work as a searchlight to expose the ills and vices in the society in which he finds himself and at the same time proffer varied solutions to these ills. Seriya, as a play, has various aesthetics of socialist realism that particularly address the intersection of the typical religious, cultural, and political Nigerian society. The play is set in Ilorin, the capital of Kwara State, a multilingual city of Yoruba, Hausa, and Nupe ancestries, a recurring setting in most of Na’Allah’s works as that is his immediate environment.

I have noted that Na’Allah’s foresight and commitment to sustainable development is fascinating. His writings examine present-day Nigeria and what the envisioned Nigeria must do to attain some of the goals of a multicultural nation and to find different ties that bind. In most of his works, he explores orality, the place of Islam, and Ilorin as a multi-ethnic city. The way he combines these nodes to form an exciting narration and welcoming ambiance in his literary works is commendable. This is not absent in the play, Seriya, as the setting, the cultural nodes, the people are well yoked together, making the Nigerian or African audience feel the Pan-Africanist ideals and the importance of peaceful cohabitation.

The setting of a play is important and usually sets the tone for the whole drama. In Seriya, Na’Allah depicts a multicultural community where the mixture of the urban and rural life exists, which he refers to as “ile eni,” meaning “People’s House.” Most importantly, the inhabitants of the community are mainly the Hausa, the Yoruba, and the Nupe. This is a model of a multilingual city, which should be the standard in every Nigerian state as it ensures peaceful coexistence and an enriching communal life. Also, the yoking together of the African and Islamic cultures and artistic symbols in the play is noteworthy. Throughout the play, the citations of Quranic verses sometimes go along with the African oral performance, proverbs, witty sayings, and praises, with adequate translation to English language. The incidences of orature in most written plays in Africa imbibed oral traditional art in creating the authentic African drama from the African sociological framework. Na’Allah’s conscious usage and blend of orality and Islamic motifs in his works mostly point out that he is a creative artist and an advocate of aesthetic social realism who aims to create a sort of solution to the challenges of the multi-ethnic society in Nigeria and of most African countries.

READ ALSO: Mental Health Isn’t Just About Crazy People, It’s About All Of US – Akindotun Merino

Another model of socialist realism displayed by Na’Allah in the play is his portrayal of women in the community. Over time, modern African playwrights have discussed the role of women, girls, and wives in different ways and how they contribute to the correction of the ills in their immediate society. In the play, Na’Allah made a significant contribution in this regard by empowering the women in strategic scenes in the play, adding to the dramatic effects and the major idea behind the play’s title, and opening up the tenet of socialist realism. The playwright’s examination of the role of women is not limited to major characters; he also extends it to the minor characters, even though they do not feature in major acts of the play. Women’s significance as role models in the community has always been questioned, making the woman doubt her own potential, especially in leadership skills or in making substantial contributions to national issues. This is the case with Mariama, the major female character in the play.

Mariama is a good teacher who does her job efficiently. It is worth noting that her boss at her workplace seems to be a thorn in her flesh, and he gives her many problems, which she overcomes. Despite her work ethics, the headmaster’s behavior makes her feel unworthy of being a role model in the community; then, not being able to find a man to marry worries her the most. This is a common worry among Muslim women as they tend to exalt the thoughts of getting married above their ability to contribute significantly to happenings in their society. However, Na’Allah does not make the play center on marriage issues or finding a husband by most of the young female characters in the play, especially Mariama, as she is seen lamenting about not getting married at the start of the play.

However, her character evolves to one that got the respect of other women in the play, her father, and most importantly, the workers from the local government in her community when she satirizes Lamidi, the corrupt local government chairman.
Na’Allah gave her a strong voice, especially in how she proffers solutions or suggests punishment for corrupt leaders in the community. In the same vein, the mothers in the play, especially the characters of Mama Hawawu and Mama Fatayi, are also given major voices in the play, especially at the scene of the Quranic graduation ceremony where the local government chairman, Lamidi, wants to exploit the religious ceremony for his personal political campaign. Like other contemporary African playwrights, in Seriya, Na’Allah examines the role of mothers in resolving major socio-political happenings in their respective communities. The rebellious nature of these women in the play brings back memories of the exploits of women in Femi Osofisan’s Women of Owu, and Na’Allah has adequately subverted the portrayal of women and mothers in the play.

Seriya, as a socialist realist play, focuses on the prevalent socio-political ills caused by the irresponsibility of leaders in power. After the colonial masters were routed from Africa, Africans hoped and believed that their condition would improve since they were now being ruled by their own kinsmen. Unfortunately, this was not the case, as the Black politicians turned out to be even worse than the white colonial masters. These Black leaders were only interested in amassing wealth and establishing themselves in positions of power and authority. Instead of providing basic social amenities for the people, Black leaders concerned themselves with acquiring as much material wealth as they could, and as a result, the people found themselves in an even worse situation than they were.

This theme of corruption of the black leaders is evident in the play through the character of Lamidi, the local government chairman of Ile-Eni, as he is only interested in his re-election to the Council rather than attending to the needs of the people. It is shown that the populace does not fancy him as a responsible leader as he is booed at the religious graduation ceremony. As a result, modern African society is characterized by feelings of disappointment, betrayal, and disillusionment. The people realize that all their fights have been in vain, as all the leaders they looked up to reveal themselves to be nothing more than self-serving opportunists. However, Na’Allah does not only reflect woes in his play, he also proffers solutions to social ills through the character of Mariama and the local government workers who are against the rulings of Lamidi. The major solutions by Na’Allah to overthrow the government run by the likes of Lamidi are to create rules of “seriya” to punish such leaders and sensitize the youths to be actively involved in grassroots politics.

READ ALSO: The Ties that Bind: Love, Tolerance, And Communal Life In Abdul Rasheed Na’Allah’s Baba Omokewu

Religious hypocrisy is a significant problem plaguing the African and Nigerian society. Spiritual leaders, who should be ethical members of the society, are exposed as phony crooks who use religion to conceal their dishonest practices. There have been many instances of religious leaders abusing their position to exploit their naïve followers. In their bid to show how he reflects and refracts the society, Na’Allah also seeks to expose and condemn those religious leaders who use their position to accommodate corrupt leaders or use supposed sacred gatherings as political grounds. This is mostly common in the playwright’s environment as he satirizes Alfa Layisi, whose love for money trumps calling the corrupt official to order, and he shamelessly allows the corrupt leader, Lamidi, to use the religious graduation for political gains.

Also, Na’Allah explores the concept of betrayal among politicians and the people who voted them into power. This is common in many local communities where friends or family members who venture into politics are expected to contribute to the development of the community but fail to do so. The Africans expect the politicians to be genuinely interested in rebuilding the African economy and society that had been severely damaged through colonial rule. Because they share the same background and experiences, the people feel a sense of kinship with these leaders. They are confident that the Black leaders, having felt what it is like to be poor and oppressed, will do their best to ensure equal opportunities for everyone in the society, as well as facilitate a significant improvement in the economy. Unfortunately, this is not the case. The leaders turn out to be just bad, like in the case of Lamidi, whom Sakariyawu, Mariama’s father, complained bitterly about. Such characters like Lamidi are hypocrites and liars who abuse the people’s trust in order to get into positions of power.

Over the years, many modern African plays reflect and do not refract the society in their literature. The subject matters of religious hypocrisy, the role of women, and corrupt political leaders are common in modern and contemporary Nigerian plays, but most of them do not provide necessary solutions to these themes in their plays. For instance, in Who’s Afraid of Solarin?, Osofisan paints a picture of a corrupt society where everybody is dishonest, from the lowly beggar to the people in power. In the same vein, in The Trials of Brother Jero, Soyinka satirizes the hypocrisy of religious leaders in the society and the gullibility of their followers. However, they do not offer any suggestions on how to address the problem of religious hypocrisy and political corruption in Nigeria. A careful look at Na’Allah’s Seriya shows that he does not only reflect these subject matters in his play but also suggests solutions to them in the final act of the play.

[This piece was written as part of the events marking the public presentation, on June 30, of Professor Na’Allah’s three new books: Seriya, Baba Omokewu, and Dadakuada: Ilorin Art History]

 

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Toyin Falola, Memories Of Africa: Home And Abroad In The United States

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Dele Jegede In Conversation With Prince Yemisi Shyllon
Prof. Toyin Falola

By Olusegun Olopade

Toyin Falola, Memories of Africa: Home and Abroad in the United States (Atlantic Migrations and the African Diaspora) | © March 2023

Book Details

Publisher‏: ‎ University Press of Mississippi (March 24, 2023)

Language‏: ‎ English

Paperback: ‎ 256 pages

ISBN-10: ‎ 1496843487

ISBN-13: ‎ 978-1496843487

 

Memories of Africa: Home and Abroad in the United States suggests a new lens for viewing African Diaspora studies: the experiences of African memoirists who live in the United States. The book shows how African Diaspora memoirs beautifully and grippingly depict the experiences of African migrants over time through political, social, and cultural spheres. In reading African Diaspora memoirs from the transatlantic slave trade period to the present, a reader can understand the complexity of the African migrant legacy and evolution.

Author Toyin Falola argues that memoirs are significant not only in their interpretation of events conveyed by the memoirists but also in demonstrating how interpersonal and human the stories told can be. Memoirs are powerful because they are emotionally captivating and because important themes and events circulate around a particular person (in this case, the memoirist).

Undoubtedly, a memoir is significant because it can teach anyone about a part of the human experience, even if the “facts” are not described without bias. Through this sort of narrative, the reader cannot help but enter into the memoirist’s mind and, therefore, feel more empathy for them. In doing so, the reader can “feel” what the memoirist feels and “see” what the memoirist sees as clearly as is humanly possible. In this way, the historical events and life lessons become tangible and poignantly real to the reader.

Editorial Reviews

Memories of Africa makes a significant contribution to the study of the African Diaspora, African intellectual history, to our understanding of African autobiography, and more importantly to life studies. Falola provides fresh insights that will reinvigorate the field. — Olabode Ibironke, author of Remapping African Literature.

Memories of Africa opens a new dimension to the understanding of the experiences of home, space, and place, and their interactions in African and diaspora studies. — Adetayo Alabi, author of Oral Forms of Nigerian Autobiography and Life Stories.

Toyin Falola is Professor of History, University Distinguished Teaching Professor, and the Jacob and Frances Sanger Mossiker Chair in the Humanities at the University of Texas at Austin, USA. He has received over thirty lifetime career awards and sixteen honorary doctorates. He has written extensively on the African Diaspora, including The African Diaspora: Slavery, Modernity, and Globalization.

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12th Toyin Falola Annual International Conference On Africa And The African Diaspora (2023 TOFAC) Set To Hold

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Dele Jegede In Conversation With Prince Yemisi Shyllon
Prof. Toyin Falola

Second/ Extended Call for Papers

Conference Theme: GOVERNANCE AND LEADERSHIP IN AFRICA

July 26 – July 28, 2023

Venue: University of Abuja, Main Campus, Giri-Airport Road, Abuja Nigeria

Purposeful leadership and inclusive political and economic institutions have been identified as necessities for Africa and all Africa-related peoples and regions to begin to address past failures, confront present predicaments and chart a credible course for the future. Unfortunately, Africa’s leaders have largely failed to transform the African state and its institutions into agents of development for the benefit of the citizens. Several explanations have been adduced for the observed leadership deficiencies that have become almost permanent narratives of Africa. Such explanations have often included, but not limited to, externalist arguments that point to the legacies of colonial exploitation and its neocolonial challenges, the sustained colonial legacy of economic dependence on foreign powers, as well as contemporary global events that systemically constrain Africa’s opportunities for growth and development. There are also internalist explanations that attribute Africa’s leadership conundrum and institutional failures to successive African leaders’ rapacity and irresponsible choices. Whatever these explanations may be, there is an emerging consensus that real progress cannot happen until Africa addresses its leadership questions and transforms its weak and predatory institutions into inclusive and formidable ones.

The 2023 TOFAC Conference will critically examine Africa’s political leadership and extant institutions vis-à-vis the continent’s history of underdevelopment, present challenges, and future trajectories within the global political economy. Scholars are invited to interrogate the nature and evolution of leadership and institutions in Africa from the pre-colonial era to contemporary times. Institutions in this context are broadly defined to include formal and informal institutions, including the people’s history, traditions, religion, and culture. Arising from this, there are underlying questions. Is it leadership that shapes institutions, or do institutions determine the quality of leaders that emerge? How can African states achieve the leadership and institutional transformation necessary to address the perennial development challenges of the continent? Are there lessons that could be drawn from the experiences of the pre-colonial era to inform contemporary issues of leadership?

We invite proposals for papers, panel presentations, roundtables and artistic works/performances that critically examine these and other related issues on Africa’s leadership and institutions. As in years past, participants will be drawn from around the world. Graduate students are encouraged to attend and present papers. The conference will allow scholars from various disciplines and geographical locations to interact, exchange ideas, and receive feedback. Additionally, selected papers will be published in a series of book volumes. Finally, submitted papers will be assigned to particular panels according to similarities in theme, topic, discipline, or geographical focus. Panel proposals (of 3-5 presenters) are especially encouraged.

We invite submissions that include but areI Inot limited to the following sub-themes and topi Institutions Conceptualized

· The nature and role of formal and informal institutions

· Institutional path dependency

· Institutional change and transformation

· Incentive structures and the choices of agents

· Institutions and Economic Performance

· Policy institutions

· Institutions and enforcement mechanisms

· The state, its institutions and the citizens

· People as institutions

Leadership and Institutions in Pre-colonial Africa

· The nature of leadership in pre-colonial Africa

· The role of chiefs, kings, monarchs and other authority figures

· The interface between culture and leadership in pre- colonial Africa

· The evolution of culture from the pre-colonial era to the present

· The society and the citizen in the pre-colonial era

· Traditional institutions versus contemporary systems

· The position and influence of religion in pre-colonial political institutions

Leadership and Institutions in the Colonial Era

· State formation in Africa

· The nature of colonial institutions

· Interactions of colonial institutions and pre- colonial systems

· Constitutional development in colonial Africa

· Africans input in the development of colonial institutions

· The rise of new elites

· Integration of indigenous leaders in colonial administration

· Dislocations, transformations, and modernity

· Nationalism and new trajectories

Colonial Legacies

· Colonial exploitation and the emergence of predatory state-society relations

· Neocolonialism

· Postcolonial economic models and African dependency

· Western democracy and the conflict of culture

· Foreign institutions and the problem of adaptability

· Rural-urban divide and the challenge of active citizenship

· Education, culture and the leadership question

The Nature of Political Leadership in Postcolonial Africa

· The role of Africa’s independence leaders in setting leadership standards

· Leadership recruitment processes

· The role of culture in determining the type of leaders that emerge

· Religion and leadership

· Foreign interventions in domestic policies

· Education, training and leadership

· L e a d e r s h i p , E t h n i c i t y a n d Separatism/Secessionism

· Democracy and accountability

· Citizenship, expectations, and civic engagements

· The role of civil society in holding leaders accountable

· The role of the media in African politics

· Class and the political economy of leadership recruitment

· Africa’s Big Men

· Patriarchy, gender and the leadership question

Institutions in Postcolonial Africa

· The nature of political and economic institutions

· Evolution of institutions in postcolonial Africa

· Colonialism and the legacies of exploitation and expropriation

· Military intervention and role in the development and growth of institutions

· Examination of critical institutions of the state – public service, the Police Force, etc.

· Constitution development in postcolonial Africa

· Property rights institutions

· Anti-corruption crusades and institutional reforms

· Law enforcement and the judiciary

· Economic systems, financial institutions and systems

· Election institution, concept, process, outcomes, and consequences

· Law enforcement and anti- corruption institutions

· Institutions and informal politics and spaces

· The future of traditional institutions in Africa

The Cold War and Africa’s Postcolonial Leadership

· Africa’s decolonization and the Cold War

· The impact of the Cold War on Africa’s independence leaders

· The nature of foreign interventions during the Cold War

· The Cold War and the emergence of violent political culture

· International legitimacy versus domestic popularity for African leaders

· The Cold War and Africa’s political institutions

· Post-Cold War transformations of African leadership

Multilateral Institutions in Africa

· The role of the World Bank and IMF in Africa’s economic systems

· Public debt and the choices of African leaders

· Foreign interests and interventions in leadership selection

· Economic development ideologies versus local realities

· The futility of universal recipes in economic policies

· Foreign aid and leaders’ responsibilities

· Conditionalities and citizens’ welfare

· The future of development assistance to Africa

· The effect of foreign aid on institutions

· The influence and contribution of ECOWAS, A U , a n d o t h e r  r e g i o n a l / c o n t i n e n t a l oragnizations

· Commonwealth, UN, and other international organizations on African politics

Information Technology and Social Media

· Social media and citizens’ demand for leadership accountability

· Dissemination of government programs

· Social media and government transparency

· Information technology and the election process

· Leadership recruitment, retention and removal

· Citizenship participation in the governance process

· Public engagements and institutional change

Education

· Education and citizenship rights

· The relationship between education, industry and bureaucracy

· State involvement in education

· Quality and availability of basic and compulsory leadership education

· History, leadership and the African state

· The role of the media in institutions building

Creativity and Performance of Leadership/Institutional deficits

· Creative governance

· Leadership Accountability

· Models of institutional checks and balances

· Governance peer review mechanism

Each individual proposal must include: 1) title of the work and an abstract of 200 words, 2) the name of the presenter (with the surname underlined). 3) mailing address, 4) number phone, 5) email, 6) institutional affiliation, and 7) three to five keywords that best characterize the themes and topics relevant to your submission. Participants are encouraged to abide by these guidelines.

Proposals for panels (3-5 presenters) must include: 1) title of the panel and a collective summary of 250 words on the panel’s theme, including the title of each individual work 2) a 200-word abstract for the presentation of each speaker 3) mailing address 4) phone number 5) email and 6) institutional affiliation of each presenter. Panels with four presenters or less may be completed with other relevant presentations.

Proposals will further be accepted till July 10, 2023 and should be sent to uof atofac2022@gmail.com.

A mandatory non-refundable registration fee of $100 dollars for scholars (or the Nigerian equivalents in Naira) and $50 for graduate students (or the Nigerian equivalents in Naira ) must be paid immediately upon the acceptance of the abstract. This conference fee includes a conference bag, admission to the panels, workshops, special events, and transportation to and from the hotel and conference events.

Confirmed key Note and Lead Speakers at Plenaries/Members of LOC:

1.-Key Note Speaker -Professor Eghosa Oseghae-Director, Nigerian Institute for international Affairs, Lagos

2. First Lead Paper Presenter -Professor Jibrin Ibrahim-Centre for Democracy and Development (CDD),Abuja 3.Second Lead Paper Presenter -Professor Uchenna Okeja-Rhodes University,South Africa

4. Professor Lawrence Ogbo Ugwuanyi-Department of Philosophy, University of Abuja-Member, Organising Committee

5. Professor Philip Akpen-Department of History, University of Abuja- Member, Organising Committee 6.Dr.Umar Kari-Department of Sociology, University of Abuja- Member, Organising Committee

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Kenyatta University Holds Toyin Falola At 70 Conference

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Kenyatta University Holds Toyin Falola At 70 Conference

The Department of History, Archeology and Political Science of the Kenyatta University is set to hold a Toyin Falola at 70 Conference.

The conference with the theme “Post-Colonial Africa: Historical and Contemporary Realities” is scheduled to take place between May 10 and 12, 2023 at the Kenyatta University.

Description
Modern African economic, socio-cultural, and political realities have been considerably influenced and defined by colonialism. Colonialism created the foundation of the post-colonial. Since the start of the post-colonial and (especially) the post-cold war era, there has been increased academic interest in colonialism– both in the classic and the neo-colonial forms. There have also been considerable academic and non-academic efforts at decoloniality and decolonizing Africa. These efforts have led to studying and documenting African pre-colonial history, literature, and cultural intricacies to achieve self-determination and re-establish the African identity. It is, therefore, necessary and logically consistent with the above to study Africa’s past in relation to its present. Essentially, it is important that aside from examining the print of colonial pedagogy, methods, and philosophies, Africa is studied in the light of its actions, attempts at self-governance, and realities defined by its stakeholders.

READ ALSO: Toyin Falola Donates Over 500 Books To Kaduna State University Library

A considerable effort has been directed at researching, documenting, and analyzing Post-colonial Africa across different fields of the Arts and the Humanities. Through such efforts concepts such as neo-colonialism, political hegemony, economic instability, societal disillusionment, administrative lapses among others that touch on the African post-colonial condition have been explored by several researchers and academicians. However, the very basis of the evolution of knowledge and the foundation of the academic world is the consistent evaluation of knowledge, theories, and philosophies. As much as there has been enhanced scholarship around the aforementioned issues, there are still thematically important aspects of Post-Colonial Africa that are relatively unexplored or under-explored. New concepts, skepticism, and relatively new subject matters have developed with the continent’s evolution – particularly concerning socio-culture, administration, globalization, conflicts, diplomacy, and ideological paradigms. For instance, it may be important to define the extent to which pre-colonial Africa influences the post-colonial realities of its nation-states, regions, and Sub-regions, as it applies across respective fields.

Other relevant aspects of the post-colonial African reality like identity dynamics and minority politics, institutions and sub-institutions in Africa, diaspora dynamic, administrative evolution in Africa, Post-colonial gender dynamics in Africa, intercultural realities of distinct nation-states in Africa, cultural awareness, and preservation in Africa, decolonial legal education and practice, ideological politics in post-colonial African, among others. The COVID-19 pandemic presented new dynamics to interpret and understand the place of post-colonial Africa in the world in light of global power politics and diplomatic spate over the causes of COVID-19, vaccine politics, and international travel restrictions. COVID-19 highlighted the need to rethink post-colonial Africa’s readiness to respond to global challenges independently.

The Department of History, Archeology and Political Studies through the Research and Innovation Committee (DRIC) plans to host a conference that is directed at answering the conceptual questions that underline some key aspects of post-colonial Africa – as defined by the necessary contextual factors and underlining theories. The conference is expected to feature different themes and introduce concepts, arguments, and theories that are well-adjusted to current African realities.

The department also wishes to use the occasion to celebrate the 70-year life journey of Professor Toyin Falola, a world renowned Distinguished Professor of History and the Jacob and Frances Sanger Mossiker Chair in the Humanities, at the University of Texas at Austin. Professor Falola has dedicated his entire academic life, with over 150 titles under his name, reflecting on the African condition both in historical and contemporary terms. In March 2022, the Department hosted Professor Falola, who gave thought provoking lectures on “Decolonization of Africa Studies”. As a department, we are keen to use the conference to continue enriching our conversations around this and related themes, enhance our scholarly connections and collaborations, establish new research and publication partnerships as well as strengthen existing ones.

Sub-themes

The conference sub-themes will include but are not limited to the following:

  • Decoloniality, and decolonization, as it intertwines with post-colonial studies
  • Internationalization in the African region – key factors for consideration should include Pan-Africanism as examined through the lens of its basis, the status quo, and possible ways forward.
  • Post-colonial economy and the role of the nation-state in establishing independent regional control
  • Resource control as it affects neo-colonialistic affiliations and European hegemonic influence in Post-colonial Africa
  • Liberal ideological predispositions and the socio-philosophical future of the African Nation states – with considerations to the influence of the youth demography
  • Developmental politics in Post-colonial Africa
  • Gender dynamics and politics in Post-colonial Africa
  • Post-colonial Literature and the future of the arts in Africa
  • Migration, conflicts, and peace actions in post-colonial Africa
  • Regional collaboration and diplomatic politics in Post-Colonial Africa

Participation
The conference is expected to attract participation from academicians, researchers, experts and practitioners in the area of African history and other related humanities and social science disciplines. These shall be drawn from mainly Kenyan and other African institutions as well as from outside the Africa continent. The conference will allow for a blended mode where some participants will be present on-site at Kenyatta university while others will present online.

READ ALSO: Where Did All The Money Go?

SUBMISSION PROCEDURE
Prospective participants are encouraged to send abstracts of between 250 and 500 words, including their full contact details (title, name, address, email address and telephone number) as well as their institutional affiliation by 30th February, 2023 to: haps-research@ku.ac.ke

Final Output
Authors of accepted abstracts will be notified by 5th March 2023 and asked to prepare full papers to be presented during the conference. The official language of the conference will be English. Papers presented at the conference will be peer reviewed and published in an edited volume.

Important Dates

27th January, 2023: Call for Papers/Abstracts
30th February, 2023: Deadline for Receipt of Abstracts
5th March 2023: Notification of Acceptance of Abstracts/Papers
15th April 2023: Deadline for receipt of Full papers
20th April, 2023: Registration begins
1st May, 2023: End of Registration
10th to 12 May 2023: Conference Dates

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